Short Description

Detection of minimal residual disease in Multiple Myeloma predicts outcome, helps identify impending relapse and enables early intervention, better post transplant surveillance and better clinical management of patients. It can detect sub-microscopic levels of leukemia. MRD negativity is associated with improved PFS and OS. Prognostic impact of MRD negativity is independent of induction therapy.

PreTest Information

Following information is mandatory: Sample time point (Chemotherapy time points); Previous diagnostic immunophenotype report; Clinical History specially mention if patient is on anti-CD38 therapy; original TRF; Date and time when sample was drawn; 1 or 2 unstained BMA smears to be made at source.

Detail Description

MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE (MRD) MONITORING FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA

Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies to fight infections. In this disease, abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce an abnormal protein called M protein. As a result, the normal production of blood cells is disrupted, leading to anemia, infections, and bone pain.

Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring is a sensitive method to detect residual cancer cells in patients who have undergone treatment for multiple myeloma. MRD is defined as the presence of cancer cells in the bone marrow or blood that cannot be detected by conventional tests such as imaging or blood tests. MRD monitoring helps in early detection of relapse and guides the treatment decisions accordingly.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, fatigue, anemia, infections, and kidney problems. The diagnosis is usually made by a combination of tests such as blood tests, urine tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans.

MRD Monitoring Test

The MRD monitoring test is a highly sensitive test that can detect residual cancer cells in the bone marrow or blood. The test is usually done after the patient has completed treatment and achieved remission. The test involves taking a sample of the bone marrow or blood and analyzing it for the presence of cancer cells using advanced techniques like flow cytometry, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), or Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Test Cost

The cost of the MRD monitoring test for multiple myeloma in India is around INR 16,000. However, the cost may vary depending on the laboratory and the location. It is advisable to check with the laboratory about the cost and the availability of the test.

Conclusion

MRD monitoring is an important tool in the management of multiple myeloma. It helps in detecting the residual cancer cells early and guiding the treatment decisions accordingly. The test is highly sensitive and can detect cancer cells that cannot be detected by conventional tests. The cost of the test is reasonable and is available in most of the laboratories in India. If you have been diagnosed with multiple myeloma, it is advisable to discuss with your doctor about the MRD monitoring test and its significance in your treatment plan.