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Government Approved Transplant Form 5 DNA Test Cost 6500 Rs
Government Approved Transplant Form 5 DNA Test Details
Frequently Asked Questions
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What is the cost of Government Approved Transplant Form 5 DNA Test?
Cost of Government Approved Transplant Form 5 DNA Test is 6500 Rs
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What is HLA?
HLA molecules provide immunological unique identification to humans that modulates immune response with external and internal variables. Learn more about HLA here:
External variables are infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites), food, foreign tissue, drugs and etc. Internal factors are tissue modification due to infections, cancer and physical trauma (heat, cold etc).
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Why do we need to test for HLA?
In the 1950s it was shown that organ and tissue transplantation could offer a cure for numerous illnesses. But the success of these procedures depends on the matching degree between the patient and their donor for HLA.
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What regions do we test and match for in HLA?
The regions of HLA proteins that interact with T-cell receptors polypeptides (proteins) are extremely variable from individual to individual (polymorphic), and they are called Antigen Recognition Sites (ARS). The polymorphism is conferred by DNA sequences that encode those polypeptides (proteins). In Class I molecules (HLA-A, -B, -C) exon 2 and 3 of Class I genes encodes for those polypeptides and they are called ARS exons. In Class II molecules (HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 and DPB1) exon 2 of class II genes encode the ARS regions.
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What other regions could routinely be tested for in HLA?
Some clinicians would like to test to see if it is possible to match the alpha-3 domain of HLA proteins. Exon 4 and Exon 3 of Class I and Class II genes encode alpha-3 polypeptides, respectively. If alpha-3 regions are not matching but ARS regions match, if that donor is the best available donor otherwise, he/she could be selected for blood stem cell donation.
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What are Null Alleles and Common and Well Defined (CWD) Null Alleles?
Some irregularities in DNA sequences may result in no expression or expression of the totally non-functional protein. Those irregularities could be the missing base(s) (deletions), extra-base(s) (insertions), or base substitutions that result in premature termination of HLA protein synthesis (early stop codons). In certain cases, those irregularities could happen in regions of the genes that are outside of the ARS regions.
Therefore by just testing for ARS DNA sequences, one may miss those null alleles. This could result in calling a mismatch typing as a match and could affect the success of the transplant outcome. Those null alleles that have been seen at least five times in different ethnic populations are tested in donors and patients. We call this extra test testing for CWD null alleles.
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Can we test for other regions of the HLA genes?
Now with advances in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies, especially of Illumina, we can sequence all exons of class I (7 Exons HLA-B, 8 exons HLA- and –C) and Class II. When requested we can also provide the sequences of the non-coding region between the exons, and introns, along with the exon sequences.